Phyisical backups 

Example using pg_basebackup:

pg_basebackup -D /tmp/pgbackup -F tar -z -X stream -c fast -P -U postgres

If want to run this remotely need to add the -h option with the IP address of the PostgreSQL server:

pg_basebackup -h <postgresql-ip> -p 5432 -D /tmp/pgbackup -F tar -z -X stream -c fast -P -U postgres

This will backup all the data into a tar file in /tmp/pgbackup. and create the file:

- base.tar.gz
- pg_wal.tar.gz
- backup_manifest

To restore, you need to delete the PGDATA directory and extract the tar files:

rm -rf /var/lib/postgresql/16

Then extract the tar files:

tar -xzf /tmp/pgbackup/base.tar.gz -C /var/lib/postgresql/16
tar -xzf /tmp/pgbackup/pg_wal.tar.gz -C /var/lib/postgresql/16/pg_wal

Start the PostgreSQL server:

pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgresql/16 start